Adopting a minimally invasive approach in managing deep caries lesions will help avoid complications with pulpal involvement. Dentin is a complex structure, so many efforts have been made to strengthen dentin and improve its bonding capabilities. The restorative approach has steadily evolved over the last decades, progressing from mechanical retention to advanced adhesion. This transition was fostered by a wealth of scientific publications, improvements in detection, diagnosis of different types of deep lesions and restorative materials, and most importantly, worldwide dissemination of the science and techniques. Modern concepts such as Management of different dentin depths, Biomimetic remineralization, Hierarchy of Bondability, Immediate Dentin Sealing, and many more will be discussed in the current lecture.

Objectives:

• Assess the effectiveness of different caries removal techniques in managing deep carious lesions.

• Discuss the role of restorative materials in pulp protection and long-term tooth vitality.

• Evaluate clinical protocols for ensuring optimal restoration longevity and minimizing patient discomfort.

• Provide evidence-based recommendations for decision-making in deep caries.