Background: Water-related activities, while popular for recreation and sport, pose significant risks for maxillofacial trauma, yet comprehensive studies on their epidemiology and clinical outcomes remain limited. This study aims to characterize the incidence, injury patterns, and long-term sequelae of maxillofacial injuries linked to aquatic environments.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of patients presenting with maxillofacial injuries secondary to water activities (e.g., swimming, diving, surfing, boating) over a 2021 t0 2025 at Alamen Hospital. Data included demographics, injury mechanisms, anatomical sites (mandible, midface, dentoalveolar), associated trauma (e.g., cervical spine, intracranial), treatment modalities, and complications. Statistical analysis determined risk factors for severe injury and poor outcomes.

Results: Among 615 patients with water-related injuries19.8% sustained maxillofacial trauma. Swimming accounted for the majority of cases (79.6%), followed by surfing (5.9%), water skiing (3.6%), and water tubing (3.5%). Maxillofacial injuries were significantly more prevalent in males (22.8%) than females (16.3%; P < 0.001) and exhibited an inverse relationship with age: highest in adults ≥18 years (27.7%) and lowest in children (15.2%; P < 0.001). Swimming had the highest proportion of maxillofacial injuries (38.7%), while surfing had the lowest (18.1%; P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Maxillofacial trauma from water activities demonstrates distinct patterns influenced by activity type and mechanism. These findings underscore the need for targeted prevention strategies (e.g., protective gear regulations, public awareness) and prompt multidisciplinary management to mitigate morbidity. Further prospective studies are warranted to refine clinical guidelines.