Pain is one of the primary reasons patients seek endodontic treatment and one of the greatest challenges clinicians face. Effective management of endodontic pain requires a comprehensive understanding of its etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic options. This lecture will provide an in-depth exploration of the mechanisms behind endodontic pain, including both preoperative and postoperative causes. It will examine pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches to pain control, discuss current evidence regarding the use of analgesics and anesthetic techniques, and offer clinical strategies to manage flare-ups and prevent persistent discomfort. Real-world case scenarios and the latest research will be presented to equip clinicians with practical tools for improving patient outcomes and satisfaction.

By the end of this lecture, participants will be able to:
1. Understand the pathophysiology of different types of endodontic pain (e.g., inflammatory, Psychologic, referred pain).
2. Identify risk factors that contribute to preoperative and postoperative endodontic pain.
3. Implement effective anesthetic techniques to manage difficult-to-numb cases, including hot pulp and irreversible pulpitis.
4. Evaluate the evidence behind pharmacologic pain management, including NSAIDs, corticosteroids, opioids, and local anesthetics.
5. Develop clinical protocols to manage endodontic flare-ups and prevent prolonged post-treatment pain.
6. Enhance communication skills to set appropriate patient expectations and improve pain-related outcomes.